Guide to Medical Lab Technology Careers

Working in the medical field is undeniably rewarding, but not everyone is well suited to daily patient interaction. But just because someone is introverted does not mean he or she has to forgo the idea of a career in the medical field. Many lab careers in medical technology allow people to contribute to health and healing with minimal patient interaction. Instead of working in a patient-facing role in a clinic or hospital, consider a career in medical lab technology by helping patients and physicians diagnose and rule out medical conditions.

Medical laboratory technologists act as disease detectives. When a patient visits a medical clinic, physicians often require blood, urine, or other biological samples from a patient to be tested in a laboratory. Using test tubes, fluid samples, and laboratory testing equipment, medical laboratory technologists perform tests requested by physicians to confirm the presence of a medical condition or determine that additional tests are needed to pinpoint the cause.

No two medical lab technology careers are exactly alike, and the occupational outlook is positive. Most medical lab tech positions require a two-year or a four-year degree and certification to be legally eligible for work. With a wide variety of career specialties and a faster-than-average growth rate predicted in the coming years, investing time and money into a medical lab technology career is a wise choice with multiple options for future career growth.

Read on to learn more about different medical lab technology careers, including educational and professional certification requirements and career resources for each profession.

Become a Histotechnologist

Anyone who’s had surgery or watched a loved one go through an operation has indirectly interacted with a histotechnologist. These trained technicians work behind the scenes at healthcare facilities, pharmaceutical companies, and even veterinary settings to help doctors diagnose problems with all types of tissues. Histotechnologist collect and examine any tissue removed from the body during surgery, whether that is a tumor or just the tonsils. Then, they prepare samples of the tissues for viewing under a microscope and work alongside medical doctors to diagnose patients, thereby directly affecting a patient’s treatment plans and outcomes.

Histotechnologists are in high demand. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) shows the demand for clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, a similar position title to medical lab technologists, is high, with an expected growth rate of 7 percent from 2021 to 2031 (BLS 2022). The annual median wage for medical technologists working in medical and diagnostic laboratories is $57,800, with the lowest 10 percent earning $30,280 or less and the highest 10 percent earning approximately $79,340 or more per year.

There are two main pathways for becoming a histotechnologist. The first pathway involves earning an associate’s degree focusing on the sciences and then pursuing a specific histotechnology program. Aspiring histotechnologist can also choose to pursue a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution and then take a national certification exam to qualify for work as a histotechnologist.

•What is Histotechnology? The National Society for Histotechnology (NSH) provides a thorough overview of the profession and video interviews explaining the importance of this medical technology career.

•Histotechnology Resources: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center provides a list of histotechnology resources that may be helpful when further investigating the career path.

•The Hidden Profession of Histotechnology: This popular 2004 article from Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers covers the shortage of histotechnicians and the importance of outreach to new students.

Become a Cytotechnologist

Anyone who has taken an introductory biology course knows that cells are the building blocks of life. But it is only a tiny fraction of those fascinated biology students who study those cells as a career. Cytotechnologists, or cell detectives, spend their daily lives examining cells for evidence of disease, including cancer.

Physicians or other medical technicians obtain these cells from patients—through natural shedding, scraping, or aspiration—and pass them to these lab-based professionals. Cytotechnologists are responsible for examining, for example, the results of Pap smears but can also detect cancer and precancerous cells in any other part of the body.

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) shows that most cytotechnologists are employed in hospitals, private medical laboratories, university medical centers, government facilities, and industry settings.

As with many lab careers in medical technology, cytotechnologists must attend a specific, accredited cytotechnology program, based either at a university or a hospital. As of September 2022, there are 20 cytotechnology programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP). These programs take on average, one to two years to complete.

Before employment, aspiring cytotechnologists must have earned a baccalaureate degree, either concurrent with or before completing their cytotechnology program. Upon graduation from their program, students are eligible to sit for the ASCP Board of Certification exam. In the future, they may choose to pursue the ASCP certification of Specialist in Cytotechnology. Some states, such as California and New York, also require separate state licensure before beginning work.

•Cytotechnology: The Mayo Clinic overviews what cytotechnology is and what career opportunities exist for these skilled professionals.

•American Society for Cytotechnology: This national organization provides aspiring cytotechnologists with resources about their career and offers valuable networking and educational opportunities to working cytotechnologists.

•CytoPathPod: A podcast hosted by the American Society of Cytopathology to support career growth, education, advocacy, and research in cytopathology.

•Cytotechnology as a Career: An article from Advance Magazine covers the reality of the career and includes interviews with working cytotechnologists.

Become a Medical Laboratory Technician

For science and detail-minded individuals who want to start working sooner rather than later, a career as a medical laboratory technician (MLT) can be a great option. These technicians require only an associate’s degree to start working in a lab running diagnostic tests for such instances as AIDS, cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Medical lab technicians generally do not work as closely with physicians as histotechnologist or cytotechnologists. Instead, MLTs are typically employed under the supervision of a lab manager or medical technologist.

Medical laboratory technicians can also specialize in the career, working specifically in microbiology, hematology, or immunology. With proper training, MLTs can also specialize in cytotechnology or histotechnology, where their MLT background will qualify them for these careers.

The demand for medical laboratory technicians is faster than average (7 percent) compared to the national average for all occupations (5 percent). The BLS predicts that 21,800 new clinical laboratory technologists and technician positions will be needed (BLS 2022).

According to Researchers, in September 2022, the average annual salary for medical laboratory technicians is $44,580, with the lowest 10 percent earning $32,000 or less, and the highest 10 percent earning $62,000 or more annually.

To start down the path to becoming an MLT, students should pursue an associate’s degree in medical laboratory technology from an institution with accreditation from a regional or national agency such as the US Department of Education or the Council for Higher Education. An accredited degree and requisite laboratory experience are required for certification eligibility through American Medical Technologists. In addition, the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) offers four eligibility routes for MLT certification.

•Occupational Employment and Wages, Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists: The BLS has compiled statistics about wages and employment rates for all medical and clinical laboratory technologists nationally and state by state.

•Medical Technologist/Medical Laboratory Technician: The Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates gives an overview of the medical laboratory technician job, including a helpful list of professional organizations.

•Medical Laboratory Technician: The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides a typical job description for medical lab technicians that might be helpful for anyone who chooses to pursue the job.

•Clinical Laboratory Technician and Technologist Licensure and Certification: The West Virginia Office of Laboratory Sciences can give you an idea of the requirements for those states with separate licensing mandates for medical laboratory technicians.

Become a Pathologists’ Assistant

The final lab career in medical technology we will profile here is a pathologists’ assistant. A pathologist is a medical doctor that works to study cell and tissue samples to diagnose illnesses in patients. In addition, the assistants that work with them are highly trained in managing surgical teams and processes.

According to the American Association of Pathologists’ Assistants (AAPA), pathologists’ assistants spend time in the lab preparing those samples, taking diagnostic photographs and images, and working with new pathologists, including pathology residents, to train them in proper diagnostic procedures. Pathologist assistants may also be specially trained in performing autopsies on deceased patients.

The demand and salary for pathologists’ assistants are pretty strong. In September 2022, Studies showed the average annual salary for certified pathologists’ assistants is $88,000 annually, with more experienced PAs commanding even higher pay.

To become a pathologist assistant with the best career prospects, students usually need to obtain at minimum a certificate from an accredited program, although many jobs now require a master’s degree as well. Certification from the American Society of Clinical Pathology as a pathologists’ assistant is not explicitly required, but again can further the opportunities for an individual. Interestingly, many people who pursue this career are former medical lab technicians, histotechnologist, or cytotechnologists.

•American Association of Pathologists’ Assistants: The AAPA is a professional organization designed to advocate for the profession of pathologist assistants and provide resources and education for working PAs.

•Pathologists’ Assistant Definition: The pathology department of the Duke University School of Medicine provides a thorough job description as well as an explanation as to why these professionals are so critical in pathology.

•Pathologists’ Assistant Program: The University of Maryland is one of many accredited institutions that offer programs specifically targeting pathologist assistants. This page outlines the requirements for admission to this prestigious university.

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